ADHD UK Medication
ADHD medications are 'controlled drugs' and require a specialist physician to prescribe them. These stimulants include the methylphenidate (Ritalin and Concerta) and amphetamines salts and atomoxetine.
Other non-medical treatments such as talking therapy is also recommended. While medications can aid in managing symptoms, they don't alter the negative ways of coping.
Methylphenidate
Methylphenidate is the most commonly prescribed ADHD medication in the UK. It is also used to treat narcolepsy as well as various other psychiatric issues. It is available in immediate-release tablets and extended-release capsules. The extended-release version is slower to dissolve and provides long-lasting effects. It is typically prescribed for a specific period of time, and the exact dosage depends on a person's symptoms.
In general, stimulant drugs boost brain activity in the regions that control attention and behavior. They are often referred to as "cognitive enhancers", and they help people pay attention, focus and stay on task. Methylphenidate increases activity in brain regions that are not active for ADHD patients. It is also a central nervous system stimulant that can enhance the way your body uses energy. It is marketed as Ritalin.
A recent study has revealed that the UK has witnessed an eight-fold increase in methylphenidate prescriptions over the last two decades. This is a serious public health issue that could indicate that ADHD is being diagnosed too often in the UK. Researchers looked at information from the Clinical Practice Research Database, which provides information about all NHS patients who were registered in England with a GP between 1992 and 2013. The study focused on medications that have been approved by the British National Formulary for ADHD and classified as CNS stimulants. This includes methylphenidate, atomoxetine (including methylphenidate instant-release and the methylphenidate extended release) as well as dexamphetamine and its derivative lisdexamfetamine aswell modafinil. Pemoline is no longer licensed in the UK because of liver toxicity and therefore was excluded from the study.
adhd treatment medication have found that methylphenidate is the most commonly prescribed drug for children aged 5 and younger. Nearly a quarter of these children are prescribed this drug. Despite the fact that National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NIHCE) guidelines recommend that medication is only the first-line treatment for children with severe ADHD symptoms This is exactly what happened. Alternatively, they recommend that parents consider psychological intervention instead.
The findings suggest that the rise in prescriptions of methylphenidate may be due in part to the accessibility and availability of mental health services. However it could also be due to an increasing awareness of ADHD among younger people, as well as an increased willingness to seek treatment and diagnose. Additionally, there are likely to be instances of improper prescribing methylphenidate to adolescents and young adults.
Atomoxetine
Atomoxetine is a selective noradrenaline receptor inhibitor (SNRI) used to treat ADHD in children and adolescents. It is also used to treat comorbid symptoms of anxiety. It is not a stimulant and it has a low potential for abuse. It has been shown to be effective in clinical studies and is a viable alternative for children who have not had a positive response to stimulants. The long-term safety of this product is not known.
Atomoxetine acts differently from other ADHD medications. It increases the level of a chemical in the brain called noradrenaline. This chemical carries messages between nerve cells and increasing its levels can boost concentration and help control impulses. It is available in capsule form, and is taken one time per day. The medication is usually taken in conjunction with other treatments, such as psychotherapy, cognitive therapy and educational support.
In one study, atomoxetine was found to be more effective at treating ADHD symptoms than placebo. It is well-tolerated and has a lower risk of side effect risk than stimulants, particularly in children. A recent cost-effectiveness study revealed that treatment protocols using atomoxetine for the first drug were less expensive than those using dexamfetamine or methylphenidate.
This medication has been linked to some serious side effects, such as suicidal thoughts. Consult your physician immediately if your child is showing these symptoms. A lot of medicines such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), like phenelzine can interact with atomoxetine. If your child is taking MAOIs, consult your physician for an alternative.
Some people may experience a loss of appetite, tiredness or stomach pain. These side effects can be severe or mild, dependent on the individual. Atomoxetine has been linked to a rare, but serious condition known as hepatic impairment, which can lead to liver failure. It can be fatal in some instances. It is essential to speak with your doctor if you have been diagnosed with liver problems or other health issues in the past.
Tell your doctor all of the medications you are taking, including supplements and herbal remedies. This includes prescription as well as over-the-counter medicines, vitamins and minerals. It is crucial to inform your doctor if you are taking any other medicines for ADHD such as lisdexamfetamine or methylphenidate. It is also important to inform your doctor if you or your child are pregnant, breastfeeding, or are thinking of becoming pregnant.
Dexamfetamine
Dexamfetamine is a stimulant and is used to treat ADHD among adults. It is able to improve concentration and focus, decrease the risk of impulsive behavior and boost mood. It can be taken in a capsule, a solution or orally. It is crucial to take it as prescribed by your doctor. If you stop taking too much or stop abruptly could cause problems. It is not recommended to operate machinery or drive if you take this medication. It is also an offence to carry around the medicine without your prescription and you must always have proof that you have been prescribed it, such as a repeated prescription form or patient information leaflet. It is recommended to carry your medication to school or work in case you need it during the course of your day.
Dexamfetamine should be taken with caution for patients with epilepsy history as it could decrease the convulsive threshold. It should not used in patients with an history of heart or blood vessel disorders, such as coronary heart disease and high blood pressure. It is not recommended to be used during pregnancy or while nursing. It is excreted into breast milk, so there is a risk for the baby.
If symptoms of ADHD increase, a check-up with the prescriber is advised. This can help determine if the condition can be controlled through medication and if the dosages are appropriate. This will allow the prescriber to alter dosages or switch to alternative treatments if necessary.
A doctor will begin the patient on a low dose and gradually increase it to ensure they are getting the correct level of medication. It is a good idea to take your tablets at the same time each day, usually with food. This will make it easier to remember to take them and it can reduce the chances of not taking your doses.
Psychoeducation and therapy can be beneficial to people suffering from ADHD, in addition to medication. This can help children, teens and adults understand their condition and learn to deal with it. Therapy can assist them in dealing with additional problems such as anxiety or depression. Psychoeducation is a blend of educational material and professional support and therapeutic therapy. It can be behavioural or cognitive.
Modafinil
Modafinil is a wakefulness-promoting prescription drug that reduces extreme sleepiness that accompanies conditions such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and shift work sleep disorder. Modafinil is available off-label for adults over 18 years old to treat signs of ADHD. It is not a prescription drug for such usage and should be taken only under the supervision of a medical professional. It is available only on prescription and must be stored in a safe location away from children. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for clarification if you do not understand any part of the medication.
The NHS website describes modafinil as a central nervous system stimulant that prevents excessive sleepiness during the day. It is prescribed for narcolepsy however it has been used off-label to help those who suffer from Parkinson's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis stay awake and also those suffering from fatigue due to obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea or shift work. It is also a preferred option for executives, students and military personnel who require to remain alert.
A recent survey of UK students found that one in five have taken an "smart drug" to help them concentrate during exams. Jack Rivlin (24), editor of The Tab, a student newspaper in Farringdon, London told BBC Newsbeat that he purchased modafinil at PS130 from an offshore website last term to aid him with his revision.
Modafinil has helped him keep up with his notes and help him pass his test, even though he does not believe that it makes him smarter. It is important to remember that these drugs aren't magic bullets and they can have serious side effects.
In addition to its wakefulness-promoting effects, modafinil can increase the risk of cardiovascular problems in some patients, especially those with heart disease. Modafinil could also interact negatively with certain medications, such as antidepressants and sedatives. It's also possible to become dependent on the drug and experience withdrawal symptoms if it is suddenly stopped.
Modafinil, along with methylphenidate and Atomoxetine, is classified as a class B substance. This means that it is illegal to possess, distribute or sell. If you're caught, you could be facing up to five years in prison.